The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme is one of the most ambitious initiatives launched by the Government of India to empower farmers through renewable energy. Introduced by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), this scheme aims to provide energy security to farmers, reduce dependence on diesel and grid power, and promote the use of solar energy in the agricultural sector. It not only helps increase farmers’ income but also contributes significantly to India’s goal of achieving clean and sustainable energy.
Background and Launch of the PM-KUSUM Scheme
The PM-KUSUM scheme was launched in 2019 with the intention of promoting decentralized solar energy production and reducing the burden of power subsidies in agriculture. The scheme is a part of India’s broader mission to increase the share of non-fossil fuel energy sources and to reduce carbon emissions in line with international commitments such as the Paris Agreement. Since agriculture accounts for a large portion of electricity consumption in rural India, shifting to solar energy is both economically and environmentally beneficial.
Objectives of the PM-KUSUM Scheme
The primary goal of the PM-KUSUM scheme is to enable farmers to generate their own solar power and use it for irrigation and other agricultural needs. The scheme also aims to encourage farmers to sell surplus electricity to the grid, thus generating an additional source of income. It is designed to reduce the reliance on diesel-powered irrigation pumps and decrease the overall carbon footprint of agriculture. Moreover, it addresses the issue of erratic power supply and rising electricity costs for farmers in remote areas.
Components of the PM-KUSUM Scheme
The PM-KUSUM scheme is divided into three major components, each targeting a specific section of the agricultural community and energy production:
Component A: Decentralized Solar Power Plants
Under this component, individual farmers, cooperatives, panchayats, and farmer producer organizations (FPOs) can set up small-scale, grid-connected solar power plants (up to 2 MW capacity) on barren or fallow lands. These plants can supply electricity to local distribution companies (DISCOMs) and earn revenue through power purchase agreements. This also encourages the productive use of unused land, generating income for landowners.
Component B: Standalone Solar Pumps
This component supports the installation of standalone off-grid solar pumps for irrigation purposes. It is especially beneficial for farmers in areas with limited or no access to electricity. These solar pumps can function independently of the grid and replace diesel pumps, thus saving fuel costs and reducing pollution.
Component C: Solarization of Existing Grid-Connected Pumps
In this part of the scheme, the existing grid-connected irrigation pumps are solarized, enabling farmers to use solar power during the day and feed surplus electricity to the grid. This not only reduces electricity bills but also improves power supply reliability in rural areas.
Subsidy and Financial Support for Farmers
The PM-KUSUM scheme is heavily subsidized by the government to make it affordable for farmers. For the installation of solar pumps or solarization of grid-connected pumps, the central government provides a subsidy of 30%, and the state governments provide an additional 30% subsidy. The remaining 40% can be arranged by the farmer either through bank loans or self-financing. In many cases, the farmer’s upfront contribution is as low as 10% of the total cost, making it financially accessible.
Benefits of the PM-KUSUM Scheme
One of the biggest advantages of this scheme is the reduction in electricity and fuel costs for farmers. Solar-powered pumps eliminate the need for diesel, thus reducing operational expenses. The scheme also provides a source of income for farmers who sell extra electricity back to the grid. It contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting clean energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, it helps in improving the livelihood of small and marginal farmers, particularly in drought-prone and remote regions of India.
Implementation and Progress So Far
Since its launch, the PM-KUSUM scheme has witnessed steady progress. Thousands of solar pumps have been installed across various states, and pilot projects of solar power plants on barren lands have shown positive outcomes. States like Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh have been at the forefront of implementing this scheme. The government has also increased the target capacity under PM-KUSUM to 30.8 GW by 2026, reflecting the long-term vision for clean energy in agriculture.
Challenges in Implementation
Despite its success, the scheme faces certain challenges such as delays in subsidy disbursement, lack of awareness among farmers, and land acquisition issues for setting up solar plants. Additionally, coordination between different stakeholders like DISCOMs, banks, and local bodies needs improvement to streamline the implementation. Technical training and maintenance support for solar equipment are also essential for long-term success.
How Farmers Can Apply for PM-KUSUM Scheme
Farmers who are interested in availing the benefits of the PM-KUSUM scheme can apply online through the official portal of their respective state’s renewable energy agency. The application form requires basic details, land ownership proof, identity documents, and bank information. After submission, the applications are reviewed, and eligible farmers are contacted for further steps. It is advisable to stay updated through state government announcements or contact local agriculture officers for guidance.
Future Outlook of PM-KUSUM
The PM-KUSUM scheme has the potential to transform the rural energy landscape of India. With the right support and awareness, it can make millions of farmers energy-independent, boost their incomes, and reduce India’s dependence on fossil fuels. As the government continues to invest in renewable energy infrastructure, the scope and impact of this scheme will only grow in the coming years. It is a strong step toward the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) and Doubling Farmers’ Income.
Conclusion
The PM-KUSUM scheme is a landmark initiative that bridges the gap between agriculture and renewable energy. By providing financial support, technological empowerment, and an opportunity for farmers to generate clean energy, it creates a win-win situation for both the environment and the rural economy. With continuous improvements, public awareness, and faster implementation, PM-KUSUM can lead to a greener and more prosperous future for Indian farmers.
FAQs on PM-KUSUM Scheme
1. Who is eligible to apply for the PM-KUSUM scheme?
Farmers, cooperatives, panchayats, and farmer producer organizations are eligible to apply under various components of the scheme.
2. What is the subsidy structure under PM-KUSUM?
The central government provides a 30% subsidy, the state government provides 30%, and the remaining 40% can be financed by the farmer.
3. Can I sell electricity generated through solar plants?
Yes, under Component A and Component C, farmers can sell surplus electricity to the grid and earn income.
4. Is there a deadline to apply for PM-KUSUM?
There is no fixed deadline, but applications are accepted based on targets and availability. It is best to check with your state’s renewable energy agency.
5. What is the cost of installing a solar pump under PM-KUSUM?
The actual cost varies depending on capacity and region, but due to subsidies, farmers may need to contribute only 10–20% of the total cost.
